Operational Art

The cognitive approach by commanders and staffs to develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means.

Three Levels of War

LevelFocusProducts
StrategicWhy we fightNational strategy, policy objectives
OperationalCampaign designOperation plans, phasing, sequencing
TacticalHow we fightUnit tactics, engagements

Elements of Operational Design (JP 5-0)

  • Termination criteria
  • Military end state
  • Objectives
  • Effects
  • Center of gravity (from Clausewitz_On_War)
  • Decisive points
  • Lines of operation / lines of effort
  • Direct vs. indirect approach
  • Anticipation
  • Operational reach
  • Culmination
  • Tempo and phasing

See Also