Principles of War
Enduring tenets derived from centuries of military experience. While no list is universal, the U.S. Joint Force recognizes nine principles (JP 3-0):
The Nine Principles
| Principle | Description |
|---|---|
| Objective | Direct every operation toward a clearly defined, decisive, attainable objective |
| Offensive | Seize, retain, and exploit the initiative |
| Mass | Concentrate the effects of combat power at the decisive place and time |
| Economy of Force | Allocate minimum essential power to secondary efforts |
| Maneuver | Place the enemy in a position of disadvantage through flexible application of combat power |
| Unity of Command | For every objective, ensure unity of effort under one responsible commander |
| Security | Never permit the enemy to acquire an unexpected advantage |
| Surprise | Strike the enemy at a time, place, or manner for which they are unprepared |
| Simplicity | Prepare clear, uncomplicated plans and orders |
SOF Additions
USSOCOM adds additional principles for special operations:
- Repetition — Rehearse to mastery
- Speed — Use speed to create relative superiority
- Purpose — Understand and believe in the mission
- Security — OPSEC is paramount
- Surprise — SOF’s most significant advantage